Nangarhar University International Journal of Biosciences (NUIJB) mostly focuses on Medical Sciences, Veterinary sciences, Animal Sciences, and Agricultural sciences. The aim of NUIJB is to share results from researchers in relevant fields of studies and broaden the trajectory of relevant issues in the community in Afghanistan as well as attract international perspectives on them. NUIJB provides an opportunity for researchers and academics to accumulate knowledge in a systematically recorded manner. NUIJB remains open to critical analysis, expansion, and further development. More importantly, NUIJB offers an opportunity to develop scholarly conversations about scientific issues in Afghanistan and globally at large.