Prevalence of Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy at Nangarhar Regional Hospital

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Published Sep 30, 2023
https://doi.org/10.70436/nuijb.v2i03.67
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Vol. 2 No. 03 (2023): September

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Ameerullah Razai
Ismail Khan Safi
Said Abdul Jamil Saidi
Said Inam Saidi

Abstract

‌Backgroud: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) or portosystemic encephalopathy (PSE) is a satiuation of disordered in central nervous system’s functions characterrized by the failure of the liver to detoxify noxious substances of gastrointestinal origin due to hepatocellular dysfunction and portosystemic shunting. HE is a complication of chronic liver disease brought on by a number of precipitating circumstances and factors. The aim of this study is to analyze the precipitating factors of HE in cases seen in the Infectious Diseases Ward of Nangarhar Regional Hospital.
Materials and Mehtods: A non-interventional hospital based descriptive study was conducted on 50 HE patients in the Infective Ward of Nangarhar Regional Hospital during May 2021 – December 2021. This study also included patients with liver cirrhosis developing HE, known as acute fulminant hepatitis. A comprehensive questionnaire was developed for a better data collection. Detailed clinical history of the patients were taken regarding the present and past diseases. All patients were carefully examined with special attention to anemia, jaundice, asterixes, fever and ascites. Laboratory examinations that recommended for these diseases were also investigated.
Results: The results revealed that most of the patients were aged between 40 – 70 years old (82%). The highest frequency of HE disease was recorded in the age of 60-69 (42%). There were four classes of patients according to the classification. Majority of the patients were in fourth class (52%), followed by second class (20%), third class (16%) and first class (12%) of hepatic encephalopathy. It is found that the most crucial exacerbating factors were including infections, constipation and gastrointestinal bleeding. Among them, infections were more frequent which were recorded in 22 patients (44%), followed by constipation in 10 patients (20%) and gastrointestinal bleeding in 6 patient (12%). Among the type of infections the urinary tract infections were accounted for 19% followed by gastrointestinal tract infections (16%) and respiratory tract infections (12%).
Conclusion: To determine which precipitating factor is responsible for HE in the eastern region of Afghanistan, frequency of several precipitating factors was examined. Knowing the primary triggering factor makes it simple to develop a plan of action to significantly reduce the incidence of HE. In our investigation, gastrointestinal bleeding, constipations, and infections were the most typical precipitating factors. Due to the fact that hepatitis C is the main and leading cause of liver cirrhosis in Afghanistan.

Keywords

Gastrointestinal bleeding, Hepatic encephalopathy, Infections, Liver cirrhosis, Precipitating factors

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How to Cite
Razai, A., Safi, I. K., Saidi, S. A. J., & Saidi, S. I. (2023). Prevalence of Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy at Nangarhar Regional Hospital. Nangarhar University International Journal of Biosciences, 2(03), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.70436/nuijb.v2i03.67

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