Climate Changes and Distribution of Water Borne Diseases in Eastern, Afghanistan

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##

Published Feb 10, 2024
https://doi.org/10.70436/nuijb.v3i02.175
Download
PDF 27
Statistic

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
2024: ICCC (Special Issue)

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Shah Agha Salehi
Israrullah Rahimee
Ahmadgul Azami

Abstract

Subject to a high burden of diarrheal disease, the east provinces of Afghansitan are also suceptable to climate changes. The most devastating consequences are the occurrence of flash floods and aridity. The climate changes trends will exacerbate the health risks associated with deficiencies in water, sanitation and hygiene. This study investigated the distribution of diarrheal disease in the east provinces and how linked with climate variables. Using monthly aggregated new cases of acute diarrhea reported between 2018 and 2023 by Health Management information system department, Ministry of public health of Afghanistan. We found seasonal variation and temperature are positively linked with diarrhea incidence. Initial analysis shows a seasonal trend in diarrhea cases, with peak incidence occurring in summer and reduced incidence during winter months. The recorded diarrhea cases show marked increment in the incidence of acute watery diarrhea in 2023 in eastern region. the incidence of diarrhea cases increased in 2023 (480/1000 population at risk) compared to 2019 (360/1000 population at risk) in eastern region. The impact of flash floods and Aridity as a consequences of climate change in Afghanistan cannot be underestimated. Increasing the incidence of water borne diseases like diarrhea and other infectious diseases outbreaks are important issues that could be assessed. Allowing for policymakers to account for potential impacts of climate change in their public health assessments, and provides a framework that could be extended to similar settings.

Keywords

Climate, Change, Water, Borne, Disease, Communicable, Diseases, East, Afghanistan

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

How to Cite
Salehi, S. A., Rahimee , I., & Azami, A. (2024). Climate Changes and Distribution of Water Borne Diseases in Eastern, Afghanistan. Nangarhar University International Journal of Biosciences, 3(02), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.70436/nuijb.v3i02.175

References

  1. Alexander, K. A., Carzolio, M., Goodin, D., & Vance, E. (2013). Climate change is likely to worsen the public health threat of diarrheal disease in Botswana. International journal of environmental research and public health, 10(4), 1202-1230.
  2. Anwar, M. Y., Warren, J. L., & Pitzer, V. E. (2019). Diarrhea patterns and climate: a spatiotemporal Bayesian hierarchical analysis of diarrheal disease in Afghanistan. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 101(3), 525.
  3. Bentham, G., & Langford, I. H. (2001). Environmental temperatures and the incidence of food poisoning in England and Wales. International journal of biometeorology, 45, 22-26.
  4. Black, R., & Lanata, C. (1995). Epidemiology of diarrheal diseases in developing countries. Infections of the gastrointestinal tract, 2, 11-29.
  5. Cann, K., Thomas, D. R., Salmon, R., Wyn-Jones, A., & Kay, D. (2013). Extreme water-related weather events and waterborne disease. Epidemiology & Infection, 141(4), 671-686.
  6. Change, I. C. (2013). The physical science basis. (No Title).
  7. Checkley, W., Epstein, L. D., Gilman, R. H., Figueroa, D., Cama, R. I., Patz, J. A., & Black, R. E. (2000). Effects of EI Niño and ambient temperature on hospital admissions for diarrhoeal diseases in Peruvian children. The Lancet, 355(9202), 442-450.
  8. Cissé, G. (2019). Food-borne and water-borne diseases under climate change in low-and middle-income countries: Further efforts needed for reducing environmental health exposure risks. Acta tropica, 194, 181-188.
  9. Dennis, S., & Fisher, D. (2018). Climate change and infectious diseases: the next 50 years. Ann. Acad. Med. Singap, 47(10), 401-404.
  10. Initiative, N. D. G. A. (2021). ND-GAIN country index. Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative. Available online: https://gain. nd. edu/our-work/country-index/(accessed on 7 March 2021).
  11. Jepsen, M. R., Simonsen, J., & Ethelberg, S. (2009). Spatio-temporal cluster analysis of the incidence of Campylobacter cases and patients with general diarrhea in a Danish county, 1995–2004. International journal of health geographics, 8, 1-12.
  12. Jung, Y.-J., Khant, N. A., Kim, H., & Namkoong, S. (2023). Impact of Climate Change on Waterborne Diseases: Directions towards Sustainability. Water, 15(7), 1298.
  13. Khan, I. (2023). An Impact Analysis of Remittance Inflows on Reducing Income-based Poverty in South Asia. Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics, 02601079231200939.
  14. Konno, T., Suzuki, H., Katsushima, N., Imai, A., Tazawa, F., Kutsuzawa, T., Kitaoka, S., Sakamoto, M., Yazaki, N., & Ishida, N. (1983). Influence of temperature and relative humidity on human rotavirus infection in Japan. Journal of infectious diseases, 147(1), 125-128.
  15. Metcalf, C. J. E., Walter, K. S., Wesolowski, A., Buckee, C. O., Shevliakova, E., Tatem, A. J., Boos, W. R., Weinberger, D. M., & Pitzer, V. E. (2017). Identifying climate drivers of infectious disease dynamics: recent advances and challenges ahead. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 284(1860), 20170901.
  16. Mora, C., Dousset, B., Caldwell, I. R., Powell, F. E., Geronimo, R. C., Bielecki, C. R., Counsell, C. W., Dietrich, B. S., Johnston, E. T., & Louis, L. V. (2017). Global risk of deadly heat. Nature climate change, 7(7), 501-506.
  17. MY, A. (2016). Trends in infectious disease incidence among children in Afghanistan at a time of public health services expansion.
  18. Organization, W. H. (2017). World health statistics 2017: monitoring health for the SDGs. sustainable development goals, 7.
  19. Schijven, J., Bouwknegt, M., de Roda Husman, A. M., Rutjes, S., Sudre, B., Suk, J. E., & Semenza, J. C. (2013). A decision support tool to compare waterborne and foodborne infection and/or illness risks associated with climate change. Risk Analysis, 33(12), 2154-2167.
  20. Troeger, C., Colombara, D. V., Rao, P. C., Khalil, I. A., Brown, A., Brewer, T. G., Guerrant, R. L., Houpt, E. R., Kotloff, K. L., & Misra, K. (2018). Global disability-adjusted life-year estimates of long-term health burden and undernutrition attributable to diarrhoeal diseases in children younger than 5 years. The Lancet Global Health, 6(3), e255-e269.
  21. Wallace, M. R., Hale, B. R., Utz, G. C., Olson, P. E., Earhart, K. C., Thornton, S. A., & Hyams, K. C. (2002). Endemic infectious diseases of Afghanistan. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 34(Supplement_5), S171-S207.
  22. Zhou, X., Zhou, Y., Chen, R., Ma, W., Deng, H., & Kan, H. (2013). High temperature as a risk factor for infectious diarrhea in Shanghai, China. Journal of Epidemiology, 23(6), 418-423.

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.