Climate Changes and Distribution of Vector Born Communicable Disease in the Eastern Region, Afghanistan.

Abstract

Vector-borne diseases are parasitic, viral, and bacterial diseases continue to contribute significantly to the global burden of disease, and cause epidemics that interrupt health services and cause wider socioeconomic impacts around the world. Aims of this study to describe and measure the epidemiological burden and sessional variation of current Vector- Borne Diseases (VBDs) in the eastern regions of Afghanistan. This was a Retrospective descriptive study in the eastern region of Afghanistan. Data obtained from (Malaria and Leishmaniasis Information System ( MLIS) and Drought Early Warning Decision Support ( DEWS) reports from January 2019 to Dec 2023 of Ministry of Public Health and includes from more than 260 health facilities covering particularly all parts of the east provinces’ territory.  In the result identified four known VBDs in the east four provinces, overall incidences of malaria were 20.28%, Leishmania 1.62%, Dengue 0.054% and Crimean- Congo hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) 0.0063% with low prevalence’s. Province base Laghman had high incidence (27.82%) then Konar (21.36%) and Nooristan (20.28%) but Nangarhar was relatively in lower incidence (15.8%). Dengue fever firstly coming VBD which two cases were diagnosed in December 2022 and up to 30 December 2023 diagnosed 1526 cases all over district of Nangarhar province. In conclusion, four VBDs incidences have been identified in the eastern region of Afghanistan, and their cases has been clearly increasing in recent years. Their incidences mostly occurring in summer and autumn sessions, Dengue is a newly coming VBD to the Nangarhar province, its spreading is fast, therefore, will distribute more parts of the country rapidly.